Preparation of a medication by a licensed pharmacist or physician for an individual patient, regulated separately from approved drug products.
GRAVY
Grand average of hydropathy: the mean Kyte-Doolittle hydropathy value of all residues in a sequence.
Half-life
The time required for the concentration of a substance in the body to fall by half. Values depend on population, route, and formulation.
Isoelectric point (pI)
The pH at which a molecule carries no net electrical charge.
Marketing authorization
Formal approval by a regulator that allows a medicine to be marketed for specific indications in a jurisdiction.
Open-label study
A study in which both researchers and participants know which intervention is being given.
Preclinical
Research conducted in cells, tissues, or animals before testing in humans.
Randomized controlled trial (RCT)
A study in which participants are assigned by chance to an intervention group or a control group, allowing outcomes to be compared with reduced selection bias.
WADA Prohibited List
The annual list published by the World Anti-Doping Agency that defines substances and methods prohibited in sport.